The book Medical Nihilism (Oxford University Press, 2018) by philosopher of medicine, Jacob Stegenga, is a bit beyond my capacity to review, even to adequately summarise. This highly technical book develops a scientific and mathematical statistical Bayesian critique of modern medicine’s claims to scientificity, attacking the empirical studies, such as metanalyses. While medicine has no problems with simple things, like broken legs, the real issues today are dealing with complex problems, such a depression, heart disease, and the diseases of civilisation, by drugs and chemicals. This is where the numerous difficulties arise, since all drugs have side effects, some that could be worse that the condition treated. Even simple NSAIDS, like ibuprofen, taken over even short periods can raise the risk of heart attacks:
https://www.bmj.com/company/newsroom/heightened-risk-of-heart-attacks-found-with-common-painkillers-in-routine-use/
“People who use commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat pain and inflammation could be raising their risk of having a heart attack, as early as in the first week of use and especially within the first month of taking high doses of such medication, suggests a study in The BMJ this week. Previous studies suggested that both traditional and COX 2 selective NSAIDs could increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), but the timing of the risk, the effect of dose, treatment duration, and the comparative risks between NSAIDs were poorly understood. An international team of researchers led by Michèle Bally of the University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), then an epidemiology doctoral student at McGill University in Canada, set out to characterise the risks of heart attack associated with use of oral NSAIDs under real life practice circumstances. For their study, the researchers carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis of relevant studies from various healthcare databases including those from Canada, Finland and the United Kingdom.

