Attacking the Internet Cables, By Richard Miller (Europe)

A 1,170 km telecommunications cable between Finland and Germany was severed, and a 218km internet link between Lithuania and Sweden's Gotland Island stopped working. These two underwater cables in the Baltic Sea were thought to be acts of sabotage according to German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius, and a related event: "nobody believes that these cables were cut accidentally." While fishing vessels have been known to damage internet cables with anchors, this is infrequent, and the compound event makes it unlikely. The European authorities blame the Russians, naturally enough, and we should keep in mind what occurred with the Nord Stream pipeline which was blown up, most likely by the Americans to ensure Germany's compliance. Perhaps this was yet another warning of what could, and will, be done in war. If internet cables can be infrequently damaged by the anchors of commercial vessels, these cables, whose location are well known, could be attacked in numerous ways, including by divers placing explosives, or even by old school depth charges, that have been used since World War II to attack submarines.

Knocking out the internet in the West will be devastating for local populations who ae now totally dependent upon it. This is seen by the chaos caused by relatively small outages only lasting hours. If people are unable to get food from the effects of longer-term outages, there will be deep trouble, and the familiar world thought to be comfortably safe, will cease to be so in lands of desperate and hungry, if not thirsty, people. The internet can be attacked via use of an EMP strike, where a nuclear missile is exploded over a nation, bringing down the internet, and the grid. But destroying cables can be done rather easily, as this example shows. The cuts in the Baltic Sea cables took about a fortnight to repair, but a really serious full-on attack could involve hundreds, if not thousands of breaks.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9dl4vxw501o

"German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius has said damage to two undersea cables in the Baltic Sea looks like an act of sabotage and a "hybrid action", without knowing who is to blame.

A 1,170km (730-mile) telecommunications cable between Finland and Germany was severed in the early hours of Monday, while a 218km internet link between Lithuania and Sweden's Gotland Island stopped working on Sunday.

The incidents came at a time of heightened tension with Russia and Pistorius said "nobody believes that these cables were cut accidentally".

The Swedish and Lithuanian defence ministers said they were "deeply concerned" that the cable connecting their two countries had been cut.

"Situations like these must be assessed with the growing threat posed by Russia in our neighbourhood as a backdrop," ministers Pal Jonson and Laurynas Kasciunas said in a statement, with a call for sanctions to be used in response to acts of sabotage.

Germany and Finland also expressed grave concern on Monday in response to the severing of the C-Lion1 communications cable, warning that Europe's security was threatened by Russia's war, "but also from hybrid warfare by malicious actors".

A series of incidents involving Baltic pipelines have heightened fears of sabotage since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

Finnish telecoms and cyber security firm Cinia said its cable may have been severed "by an outside force". "These kinds of breaks don't happen in these waters without an outside impact," a spokesperson told local media.

Cinia's chief executive said the damage had taken place close to Sweden's Oland Island and could take five to 15 days to repair.

On Tuesday, Finland said it had opened a police probe, while the Swedish Prosecution Authority said it had opened an investigation into "sabotage".

"The preliminary investigation is ongoing and at an early stage. There is no further information to share about the investigation at this time," prosecutor Henrik Soderman said in a statement.

The two cables intersect in the Baltic although the damage is thought to have taken place elsewhere. Arelion, the company that operates the line to Lithuania, has not said where its cable was cut but expects the repair to take a couple of weeks.

Swedish civil defence minister Carl-Oskar Bohlin said it was "absolutely central" to find out why two cables were not working. About a fifth of Lithuania's internet capacity has been reduced, although consumers are understood not to be affected.

Arelion spokesman Martin Sjogren told the BBC that cables in the Baltic did get damaged every now and then.

"Fishing vessels accidentally damage cables with anchors," he said. "The timing is odd of course but we haven't been able to examine it so we don't know what caused it."

Samuli Bergstrom, a Finnish government cybersecurity expert, said the failure of the cable from Finland to Germany had not affected internet traffic as other cable routes were available.

The biggest act of sabotage since Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine took place in the Baltic in the same year.

German prosecutors are still investigating the explosion of Nord Stream gas pipelines between Russia and Germany.

There have been conspiracy theories around that attack, with unconfirmed rumours that either the Ukrainian, Russian or US government was behind it.

In October 2023 a natural gas pipeline between Finland and Estonia was severely damaged.

Finnish officials later said the incident had been caused by a Chinese container ship dragging its anchor."